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La prescripción en los principios del derecho europeo de los contratos
Author | Ferran Badosa Coll |
Profession | Catedrático de Derecho Civil.Universitat de Barcelona |
Pages | 277-280 |
Page 277
En los «Principios del Derecho Europeo de los Contratos» (Principos Lando), la prescripción se encuentra en su Cap.XIV perteneciente a la Parte III (Copenhage. 2001).
Trataré cuatro puntos.Su objeto, el supuesto de hecho de la excepción, la autonomía de la voluntad bilateral y los cómputos del tiempo.
Según el art.14:1001 es el derecho a la realización o cumplimiento de una obligación. «In extenso» se puede describir como la facultad de reclamar al deudor (ex arts.14:303.1,:306) el cumplimiento (arts.14:203,:501). Esta nota,más estricta, de exigencia de una actividad ajena ,vgr.reconocimiento de un deerecho, es la de la pretensión ($ 194 BGB que ha seguido el art.121-1 Código Civil de Cataluña de 2002) .
De este objeto resultan dos consecuencias en cuanto al ámbito de la prescripción. La primera actúa en el seno de la distinción del crédito y su ejercitabilidad.Queda fuera de la prescripción la existencia de la relación obligatoria. La prescripción sólo opera sobre su ejercitabilidad, sea de modo «fuerte» o «débil». En ambos casos, la obligación subsiste y su pago es una «solutio debiti». La segunda es la exclusión de facultades, como las de desistimiento y las extintivas de su fuente (vgr. anulación de contratos), cuyo ejercicio sólo tienen a «otro» como destinatario o afectado pero no como autor de una conducta.
Los PECL contienen una regulación uniforme con dos excepciones. De una parte, la especialidad de las obligaciones indemnizatorias en el «dies a quo» (art.14:203.1) y en la duración real máxima del periodo de tiempo computable (art.14:307 de 30 años para la indemnización por daño personal). De otra, el privilegio de las pretensiones fijadas por sentencia o laudo que gozan de unPage 278período de prescripción de 10 años (art.14:202) frente al regular de 3 años (art.14:201). Este privilegio temporal es estricto y no se extiende al mero «reconocimiento» del acreedor (art.14:401).
El art.14:101 la describe como un efecto negativo del tiempo sobre la pretensión. Según el art.14:501, la prescripción produce un efecto positivo: el...
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- Algunas novedades del Soft Law (introducidas en las últimas versiones de los PECL y de los principios Unidroit)
- La prescripción en los principios del derecho europeo de los contratos
- Los principios de unidroit y de derecho contractual europeo y la necesaria reforma de la prescripción extintiva en el derecho contractual español
- Principios de UNIDROIT (y de la Unión Europea) y su influencia en el derecho internacional
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