La Monarquía ante los estados generales de 1614

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Huelga decir que el asesinato de Enrique IV, entre otras muchas cosas, supuso una enorme conmoción para Francia. Lo que no resulta tan evidente es qué tipo de repercusión institucional tuvo dicho crimen. Se sabe que al poco del asesinato, siendo regente María de Medicis, se convocaron los Estados Generales de 1614 lo que puede ser visto como una apelación al orden constitucional vigente, como muestra Pasquier, y no como una muestra de fortaleza por parte de la nobleza99. Por otro lado, sin embargo, puede verse en este elemento un importante factor de fortalecimiento de la nobleza y su pretensión de retorno al sistema feudal que se estaba superando.

En efecto, la lucha entre nobleza de espada y nobleza de toga alcanza en los comienzos del siglo un punto de inflexión, lo que permite realizar este tipo de análisis100. Como bien indica Chartier, frente a este debate se opone también el de una lucha, dentro de la nobleza de toga, entre cargos venales y cargos reales o comisiones (es decir, oficios que no están en propiedad) lo que en todo caso muestra, sin embargo, que lo que realmente se debatía era la distribución de poderes en la sociedad de estamentos y, por tanto, la configuración del

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orden social y político del Estado101. Habría que aclarar que la vital importancia que tenía la configuración del acceso y extensión de los cargos venales, administrativos y de judicatura, se corresponde con un camino de ascenso social, hasta llegar a ennoblecer al detentador del cargo pasadas varias generaciones, desarticulando de esta forma la antigua tradición que sostenía a la nobleza de nacimiento.

La monarquía...

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