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- Soberanía, Monarquía y Unidad en el Auge Del Absolutismo Francés (1519-1715). Antología de Textos
- La Monarquía Ante los Estados Generales de 1614
La Monarquía ante los estados generales de 1614
Pages | 157-159 |
Page 157
Huelga decir que el asesinato de Enrique IV, entre otras muchas cosas, supuso una enorme conmoción para Francia. Lo que no resulta tan evidente es qué tipo de repercusión institucional tuvo dicho crimen. Se sabe que al poco del asesinato, siendo regente María de Medicis, se convocaron los Estados Generales de 1614 lo que puede ser visto como una apelación al orden constitucional vigente, como muestra Pasquier, y no como una muestra de fortaleza por parte de la nobleza99. Por otro lado, sin embargo, puede verse en este elemento un importante factor de fortalecimiento de la nobleza y su pretensión de retorno al sistema feudal que se estaba superando.
En efecto, la lucha entre nobleza de espada y nobleza de toga alcanza en los comienzos del siglo un punto de inflexión, lo que permite realizar este tipo de análisis100. Como bien indica Chartier, frente a este debate se opone también el de una lucha, dentro de la nobleza de toga, entre cargos venales y cargos reales o comisiones (es decir, oficios que no están en propiedad) lo que en todo caso muestra, sin embargo, que lo que realmente se debatía era la distribución de poderes en la sociedad de estamentos y, por tanto, la configuración del
Page 158
orden social y político del Estado101. Habría que aclarar que la vital importancia que tenía la configuración del acceso y extensión de los cargos venales, administrativos y de judicatura, se corresponde con un camino de ascenso social, hasta llegar a ennoblecer al detentador del cargo pasadas varias generaciones, desarticulando de esta forma la antigua tradición que sostenía a la nobleza de nacimiento.
La monarquía jugaba un papel de árbitro entre los distintos estamentos involucrados. Según Chartier eso le permitía seguir en su marcha hacia el absolutismo pero la defensa de la posición que protegía a los nobles también era reticente a permitir tal acaparación de poder que, en este caso, consistía en la arrogación que hace la monarquía de su poder originario de juzgar y las novedades que en ella introduce: la de hacer hereditarios los cargos, el establecimiento de impuestos relacionados con los mismos, etc... Novedades que estaban dirigidas a fortalecer la relación y alianza entre el rey y el tercer estado, en detrimento de los tradicionales derechos de los nobles que veían, por abajo, su posición amenazada. El juego de poderes tras los Estados Generales incluye, para la monarquía, nobleza y tercer estado una medida de las fuerzas de...
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- La Monarquía ante los estados generales de 1614
- La Monarquía ante los estados generales de 1614
- PASQUIER, Nicolas; Enmiendas muy Humildes a la Reina Madre Regente en Francia, 1610
- MAYERNE TURQUET, Louis; La Monarquía Aristodemocrática, 1611
- SANSSOVIN, François; Del Gobierno & la Administración de los Diversos Estamentos, Realezas & Repúblicas, tanto Antiguas como Modernas, 1611
- ANÓNIMO; Las Verdaderas Intenciones de la Nobleza Francesa, 1615
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