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- La Monarquía Bajo el Orden Natural
La Monarquía bajo el orden natural
Pages | 293-296 |
Page 293
El momento en el que ninguna institución política ni religiosa podía moderar el poder de la monarquía es lo que aquí se ha denominado como la monarquía bajo el orden natural. Esta apelación al orden natural, si bien no es novedosa, en el sentido de que ya se había comparado en innumerables ocasiones a la monarquía con el orden del gobierno de animales, y la situación del rey con respecto a sus súbditos en la misma relación de dependencia de estos últimos como si del mismo sol se tratara, en este periodo adquiere nuevos elementos que elevan a la monarquía por encima de la mera comparación con los elementos naturales. En este caso, fruto del mecanicismo filosófico, la monarquía en concreto y el gobierno de los hombres en general goza de un status natural, que le aleja aún más del control de los hombres y, por tanto, de las teorías protestantes y ultra-montanas139.
Coincide con un momento en el que la apelación a la naturaleza parece ser el único modo de justificar la existencia de una institución que ha roto con la historia y que no está constitucionalmente atada ni a las leyes fundamentales del reino ni a la opinión de su pueblo. La institución se sostiene en sí misma y por sí misma. Esta consideración modificará y alterará las reglas del juego. En estos momentos la mo-
Page 294
narquía no cuenta con más apoyo que el del recurso a la doctrina ya oficial, del Derecho Divino de los Reyes, que estaría además confun-dido con una cierta filosofía natural desde el siglo XVI. Desde un punto de vista crítico, hay que reconocer que la monarquía no cuenta con un aparato justificativo consistente140.
Aporta en la época Jurieu una lectura crítica sobre la monarquía de entonces que aquí bien puede servir como descripción: "Obligamos a enseñar una jurisprudencia loca, una aún más loca teología sobre el poder de los reyes. Y así la mantenemos, pagando a los jurisconsultos en los juzgados, a los profesores en las escuelas, a los teólogos en las academias, a los predicadores en las tribunas, a los historiadores en la Corte y a los halagadores que continuamente soflaman que los príncipes soberanos son las vivas imágenes de Dios en la tierra y copias exactamente iguales al original. Que no le debemos menos obediencia a los reyes en lo temporal que al Papa en lo espiritual y en las cosas eternas. Que debemos obedecer sin murmurar y sin examinar si las órdenes del Señor Soberano se acuerdan o no con nuestros intereses.
Que los reyes no están...
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- La Monarquía bajo el orden natural
- La Monarquía bajo el orden natural
- SENAULT, Jean François; El Monarca o los Deberes del Soberano, 1661
- FORTIN de la HOGUETTE, Philippe; Los Elementos de la Política según los Principios de la Naturaleza, 1663
- LE MOYNE; Del Arte de Reinar, 1665
- HAY du CHASTELET, Paul; Tratado de la Política de Francia, 1669
- NICOLLE, Pierre; De la Educación de un Príncipe, 1670
- FLEURY, Claude; Institución del Derecho Eclesiástico de Francia, 1677
- LOUIS XIV; Reflexiones sobre la Tarea de ser Rey, 1679
- DOMAT, Jean; El Derecho Público, 1697
- COLBERT, Jean Baptiste; Testamento Político de M. J. Baptiste Colbert, 1693
- FRAIN du TREMBLAY, Jean; Ensayos sobre la Idea de un Perfecto Magistrado, donde se hace ver una Parte de las Obligaciones de los Jueces, 1701
- LAMARE, Nicolas; Tratado de la Política, 1705
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