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- El Monarca Ante los Comienzos de las Guerras de Religión
El Monarca ante los comienzos de las guerras de religión
Pages | 77-79 |
Page 77
La postura adoptada por la monarquía a lo largo de los duros años de las guerras civiles originadas por las discrepancias religiosas y, en última instancia, políticas marcaron el rumbo que habría de justificar el absolutismo, ya en el siglo XVII. Si bien las respuestas y posturas de los distintos reyes no fueron homogéneas, el resultado final supondría una importante mutación y refuerzo de la constitución monárquica. Recuérdese que la monarquía ordenó la masacre de la noche de San Bartolomé pero también dio los pasos necesarios para proclamar el Edicto de Nantes, por citar sólo dos de los momentos más relevantes y contradictorios en la política respecto de "estos señores de la Religión Pretendidamente Reformada".
Sin embargo, la gran virulencia de la guerra y su larguísima duración, así como su internacionalización, supondrían a la larga el germen de la idea esencial sobre la que se construiría la legitimidad del rey, la de ser representante de la tan deseada unidad del reino58. Ya con el Concordato de Bolonia, aprobado por León X en 1516, el rey obtuvo más independencia respecto del papado. Este factor será crucial en tanto que adquirió la capacidad de influir sobre la Iglesia en
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un periodo en el que no siempre se siguió la misma política respecto de la fractura religiosa y acerca del cómo se debería tratar al hereje. Desde la intensificación de la persecución protestante con Enrique II (1547-1559) sustentada en que la Religión Pretendidamente Reformada era un atentado contra la autoridad real, hasta el Edicto de Nantes, un solo punto común brota de la división: la figura del monarca como único elemento capaz de aglutinar a una sociedad completamente dividida en lo religioso y sólo en lo religioso59.
A pesar de ello, el primero de los textos, que es el de Claude d´Es-pence, ofrece una visión del poder del rey derivado de Dios, de la religión. Rector de la Universidad de París en 1540 y diputado en el Concilio de Trento, Claude d´Espence es considerado un católico moderado. En su Institución del Príncipe, describe el oficio del rey y sus obligaciones hacia Dios, la Iglesia, la justicia secular y el Pueblo. El origen religioso del poder del rey es un factor constante a lo largo de todo el Antiguo Régimen pero de su estudio se extrae una evolución, forzada precisamente por las guerras civiles. En este primer texto, escrito en un periodo de paz, en el que únicamente se muestra como el poder del rey proviene de Dios no se...
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- El Monarca ante los comienzos de las guerras de religión
- El Monarca ante los comienzos de las guerras de religión
- ESPENCE, Claude; La Institución del Príncipe, 1548
- CARON, Luis; Panegírico II, 1567
- TALPIN, Jean; Institución de un Príncipe Cristiano, 1567
- Du TILLET, Jean; Advertencia a la Nobleza, tanto de la parte del Rey como de los Rebeldes & Conjurados, 1568
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