La ley 4/2023 en el marco de la jurisprudencia del tribunal europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre identidad de género

Pages299-311
Capítulo 20
La Ley 4/2023 en el marco de la jurisprudencia
del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
sobre identidad de género 1
Daniel López Rubio
Universidad de La Laguna
dlopezru@ull.edu.es
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
Las personas trans, esto es, aquellas con una identidad de género diferente a la que
se les asignó al nacer, han sido, como ha señalado recientemente el Tribunal Cons-
titucional, víctimas de “una desventaja social históricamente arraigada” (sentencia
67/2022), lo que se materializa en diversos tipos de discriminación, delitos de odio,
acoso y violencia. De ahí que, como ha estudiado Pérez- Moneo (2023), el Tribunal
haya identificado una nueva categoría sospechosa de discriminación: la identidad de
género. Ello supone que las desigualdades de trato realizadas por personas en base a su
identidad de género se presumirán discriminatorias, salvo que se acredite una justifica-
ción objetiva y razonable para emprenderlas. Pero, además, la preterición de este grupo
social obliga a los poderes públicos a adoptar una actitud positiva de protección de
estas personas, garantizando sus derechos y su dignidad.
La principal problemática que enfrentan estas personas en su estatus jurídico tiene
que ver con el acceso a un cambio registral que les permita adaptar la mención que
1 Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación “Vulnerabilidad, precariedad y brechas
sociales. ¿Hacia una redenición de los derechos fundamentales?”, PID2020-114718RB-I00, nanciado
por MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

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