Aspectos laborales y sociales de los sistemas globales de producción
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Page 44
Al simposio asistieron representantes de las organizaciones de empleadores, y en él se pretendió fomentar la comprensión de las consecuencias de los sistemas mundiales de producción para la prosperidad futura, así como los riesgos y las oportunidades vinculadas a los mismos. Entre los ponentes figuraron grandes compradores y asociaciones de proveedores de ámbito mundial, importantes expertos académicos, dirigentes sindicales y representantes de ONGs activas en el campo de la globalización.
En sus conclusiones, los asistentes a la reunión señalaron que los sistemas mundiales de producción pueden ofrecer una notable oportunidad para mejorar la vida de las personas, atenuar la pobreza y procurar el avance hacia la consecución del objetivo del trabajo decente; que ejercen un importante efecto sobre el desarrollo cuando incorporan a pequeñas y medianas empresas a las cadenas de generación de valor y dan lugar a mejoras de la productividad; y que requieren el respeto de todas las partes por los derechos humanos, las normas del trabajo y el medio ambiente, para que éste sea económicamente sostenible.
Las conclusiones subrayan asimismo el papel de la legislación nacional y del Estado en la conformación del marco regulador de los sistemas mundiales de producción, y que la ley debe aplicarse equitativamente a todos. Las normas internacionales fundamentales sobre derechos humanos y laborales también constituyen una parte importante del marco regulador que atañe a los sistemas mundiales de producción.
El "derecho indicativo", como las normas empresariales, los códigos voluntarios y los de compradores, pueden desempeñar igualmente un papel importante para complementar el marco regulador, ya que proporcionan asesoramiento respecto a las buenas prácticas, más allá de las prescripciones del derecho formal, y permiten la flexibilidad necesaria para dar cabida a la amplia variedad de empresas y de entornos en los que éstas operan.
En lo que atañe a las asociaciones empresariales, en la reunión se concluyó que éstas necesitan tanto ampliar el número de sus miembros, con el fin de dar cobertura al mayor número de empresas posible, como establecer asociaciones con otros agentes, y en especial, con otras agrupaciones empresariales. Las organizaciones de empleadores tienen un papel significativo que desempeñar en la ayuda a los miembros que participan en sistemas mundiales de producción para que cumplan las normas sociales y laborales pertinentes, incluido fomentar la concienciación respecto a las normas correspondientes, la información y el asesoramiento sobre buenas prácticas, la formación relacionada con la mejora de la productividad y las campañas para reforzar la imagen.
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