Issue Information – TOC

• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12137
• Published date: 01 September 2020
• Date: 01 September 2020

2020 3 u Volume 159 / September

International

Labour

Review

Contents

285 The future of work: Meeting the global challenges

of demographic change and automation

Ana L. ABELIANSKY, Eda ALGUR, David E. BLOOM and Klaus PRETTNER

This article explores future job creation needs under conditions of demographic, eco-

nomic and technological change. The authors rst estimate the implications for job

creation during 2020–30 of population growth, changes in labour force participation

and the achievement of target unemployment rates, by age and sex. Second, they

analyse the job creation needs by country income group and, lastly, examine the ef-

fects of accelerated automation. Projections indicate that shifting demographics will

account for a far greater share of the estimated global need for 340 million jobs over

2020–30 than automation.

Keywords: future of work, global labour force, global employment needs,

demographic change, labour force participation, technological change, automation, projection.

307 Employment effects of skills around the world:

Evidence from the PIAAC Damir STIJEPIC

Using an international survey that directly assesses the cognitive skills of participants,

the author studies the eect of skills on employment in 32 countries. On average, a

1 standard deviation increase in numeracy is associated with an 8.4 percentage point

increase in the probability of being employed, reducing the probability of being out of

the labour force and unemployed by 6.4 and 2.1 percentage points, respectively. After

controlling for numeracy, the estimated employment eect of years in education falls

by one third, from 2.7 to 1.8 percentage points. Notably, the employment eect of skills

is more pronounced in countries with higher unemployment.

Keywords: cognitive skills, education, labour force status, employment,

international comparisons, Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC.