Introducción
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Ver nota 1
En los últimos tiempos el Derecho penal ha experimentado un fenómeno de crecimiento, que entre otros, lo vemos en la creación de diferentes tipos de Tribunales Ad hoc. Ejemplos de ellos, puede ser, El Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda (TPIR) El Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia (TPIY); El Tribunal Especial para Sierra Leona y/o el Tribunal de Camboya o "Tribunal para el genocidio camboyano". Quizás el fenómeno más interesante y patente ha sido la creación de La corte Penal Internacional. De alguna manera la comunidad internacional se ha dirigido a velar por salvaguardar los principios y normativas generales y especificas de la dignidad y derechos humanos y humanitarios.
Basados en principios ineludibles como, puede ser, el de legalidad, la constitución o los estatutos de éstos, fundamentan la licitud de sus actuaciones. Igualmente, atenuando las posibles fricciones que podría infringir la aplicación retroactiva de sus normas a los hechos ocurridos antes de la creación y vigencia de estos, la dignidad del ser humano, consagrado como norma, bien consensual o consuetudinaria, es el norte legal de su actividad.
No obstante dicho norte no apunta hacia un paraíso perdido. Toda norma tiene su límite. El mismo está circunscrito a la legalidad de sus fines y propósitos. La Corte Internacional de justicia en su opinión consultiva, en relación de la presencia de África del Sur en Namibia, sentó doctrina muy concreta. En el caso que nos ocupa, subrayamos que el carácter radicalmente ilícito de [una] situación excluye todo posibilidad de consolidación jurídica de la misma en base a la mera perpetuación de su efectividad: se trata, en definitiva, de reafirmación del principio ex iniuria ius non oritur.2 Este principio adquiere sentido desde la perspectiva de las fuentes del Derecho Internacional siendo las normas con carácter Ius Cogens las de mayor jerarquía. Son estas las normas imperativas de derecho, en contraposición a las dispositivas de derecho. De
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acuerdo con la Convención de Viena sobre el Derecho de los Tratados, son aquellas normas aceptadas y reconocidas por la comunidad internacional de Estados en su conjunto como norma que no admite acuerdo en contrario.3Siendo de una categoría superior a la "mera" costumbre, esta práctica es sinónimo de uso, de repetición de actos... de precedentes. La práctica constitutiva del elemento material debe presentar determinadas características como la...
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