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- El Derecho Internacional Del Agua: los Acuíferos Transfronterizos
- Parte II. Soberanía, Cooperación E Internacionalización Sobre los Recursos Hídricos Compartidos
Introducción
Author | Laura Movilla Pateiro |
Profession | Profesora del área de Derecho Internacional Público de la Universidad de Vigo |
Pages | 265-266 |
Page 265
Los Estados ejercen su soberanía sobre su territorio y, por lo tanto, sobre los recursos naturales que se encuentran en él, incluida el agua, a pesar del encaje imperfecto que la soberanía parezca tener a priori sobre la misma, un recurso fluido y en constante movimiento y transformación a través de las distintas etapas del ciclo hidrológico557. Soberanía, que en el caso de los recursos que son compartidos con otros Estados, debe someterse necesariamente a limitaciones para conciliar los intereses de todos ellos y que se han configurado, principalmente en torno a la utilización equitativa y razonable, la prohibición de causar daños sensibles y, evidentemente, la obligación de cooperar entre los Estados ribereños de un mismo curso de agua internacional.
Esta cooperación en torno a los recursos hídricos compartidos es consustancial a la propia historia de su regulación y gestión y encuentra en la actualidad una multiplicidad de manifestaciones a todos los niveles: interestatal, regional y universal. De hecho, como veremos, las muestras de cooperación han predominado sobre las de conflicto. No obstante, la dimensión global de los recursos hídricos y de los problemas a los que tienen que hacer frente, así como su interés vital para el conjunto de la Humanidad, ponen de manifiesto las limitaciones de los enfoques puramente interestatales en su ordenación y han provocado, incluso, el surgimiento de ciertas tenden-
Page 266
cias comunitarizadoras o internacionalizadoras en relación con los mismos. Tendencias que, paradójicamente, conviven con ciertos intentos de reforzamiento de los derechos soberanos de los Estados sobre los recursos hídricos situados en su territorio.
Con este contexto, analizaremos en esta Parte cómo se han manifestado e interactúan en la gestión de los recursos hídricos compartidos dos pilares básicos del ordenamiento jurídico internacional: la soberanía y la cooperación. Para ello, examinaremos en primer lugar cómo los Estados ejercen su soberanía sobre los recursos hídricos compartidos. En segundo lugar, cómo esta soberanía limitada...
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