Introducción
Author | Olga Martín-Ortega |
Profession | Centre on Human Rights in Conflict, University of East London |
Pages | 23-26 |
Page 23
Las últimas décadas del siglo XX han traído importantes transformaciones a la escena internacional y a la forma en la que se configuran las relaciones internacionales. Estos procesos de cambio han sido descritos en el marco de un fenómeno socioeconómico conocido como globalización. Una de las características definitorias de este período histórico es la proliferación de actores no estatales. En la comunidad globalizada interaccionan continuamente Estados, organizaciones internacionales, instituciones financieras internacionales, grupos armados y organizaciones criminales, organizaciones no gubernamen- tales y empresas multinacionales. Y lo hacen en el marco de un ordenamiento jurídico esencialmente definido por y para los Estados.
En este contexto, el Derecho internacional se enfrenta a una importante labor: dar respuesta jurídica a los desafíos impuestos por las dinámicas de la globalización. Uno de estos retos es establecer los parámetros jurídicos de la participación de los actores no estatales en la vida internacional. Este trabajo trata de abordar parte de este reto científico a través del estudio del papel de las empresas multinacionales en el escenario internacional y la posibilidad de su sujeción al Derecho internacional.
Una de las principales consecuencias de la globalización ha sido la consolidación de un modelo único de mercado y la exaltación de la inversión extranjera directa como elemento fundamental del proceso de desarrollo económico de los Estados y su población. Las empresas multinacionales, como principales canalizadoras de la inversión y agentes centrales en el comercio internacional, están adquiriendo cada vez más relevancia en la sociedad inter- nacional contemporánea. Pero, sobre todo, han aumentado su capacidad para afectar las condiciones de vida de los individuos y tener una participación determinante en el disfrute de los derechos humanos. La descompensación entre el poder de estas entidades y la respuesta del Derecho internacional al mismo desemboca en una laguna en la protección de los derechos humanos que es necesario cubrir.
El intento de control de la conducta de las empresas multinacionales a nivel internacional no es desconocido. En el marco de las iniciativas para el establecimiento de un Nuevo Orden Económico Internacional la formulación de principios para dicho control se propuso como uno de los objetivos en la creación de una sociedad internacional más equilibrada y justa. Sin embargo, tres...
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- Empresas multinacionales y derechos humanos en Derecho Internacional
- Abreviaturas utilizadas
- Prólogo
- Foreword
- Introducción
- Empresas multinacionales y derechos humanos en el contexto de la globalización
- A la búsqueda de un marco jurídico internacional
- Instrumentos internacionales para el control de la conducta de las empresas multinacionales
- Empresas multinacionales ante los tribunales
- Conclusiones
- Referencias bibliográficas
- Documentos citados
- Casos citados
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