I. La colonización de Marruecos y la definición de sus fronteras definitivas

Pages17-19
AuthorYolanda Blanco Souto
I.
LA COLONIZACIÓN DE MARRUECOS Y LA
DEFINICIÓN DE SUS FRONTERAS
DEFINITIVAS
-
zos del siglo
XX fue el de la “cuestión marroquí”.
Antes de 1912, el territorio de lo que hoy
conocemos por “Marruecos”
era un territorio dividido y con una enorme
inestabilidad política, esce-
nario de numerosas tensiones y enfrentamientos
bélicos. En “Marruecos”
se distinguían así dos tipos de territorios, el “bled majzen” y el “bled-siba”.
La Corte Internacional de Justicia en su opinión consultiva sobre el
Sahara Occidental analizó este asunto para determinar si el Sahara Oc-
cidental formaba parte de Marruecos (como pretendía este país) o no
(como sostenía
España).
-
bunal, sin
 
 
siglo XIX Marruecos se componía de una parte llamada
“bled majzén”, constituida por las regiones verdaderamente sometidas al
sultán, y por otra parte, de lo que se
llamaba “bled siba”, formada por las
regiones o las tribus que no obedecían al sultán.
Lo que caracterizaba el “bled siba” era que no estaba “de hecho”
admi-
nistrado por el “majzén” (el sistema del poder -político, económico, social
y
religioso- marroquí), no enviaba soldados al ejército del sultán, no le pa-
gaba impuestos, el gobierno de las poblaciones de ese “bled siba” estaba
en manos de
caídes nombrados por las tribus, cuya autoridad dimanaba
más de su aceptación por las propias tribus que de un nombramiento o
delegación del poder del sultán. Estos poderes no rechazaban de plano

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