Examples of legal and policy frameworks concerning disability adopted by some ILO member States

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Appendix 3
Examples of legal and policy frameworks concerning
disability adopted by some ILO member States
The last decades of the twentieth century witnessed signifi-
cant changes in the legal and policy frameworks concerning dis-
ability in countries around the world. Many governments have
adopted policies which aim to promote the rights of people with
disabilities to participate as fully as possible in society. These in-
clude policies to improve employment opportunities for people
with disabilities which are frequently backed by legislation.
In some countries, this comprises legislation or regulations
which require employers to reserve a certain proportion of jobs
for people with recognized disabilities – generally referred to as
quota legislation. If employers do not fulfil this obligation, many
countries require them to pay a contribution into a central fund
to be used to promote the accessibility of workplaces or for voca-
tional rehabilitation purposes. Countries with this type of legisla-
tion include many European countries, such as France, Germany
and Italy, and several Asian countries, such as China, Japan and
Thailand.
Other countries have introduced anti-discrimination or em-
ployment equity laws which make it unlawful for employers to
discriminate on the basis of disability in recruitment, promotion,
dismissal and other aspects of employment. Countries with this
type of legislation include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the
Scandinavian countries, South Africa, the United Kingdom and
the United States.
Many governments have introduced a range of measures to
support the implementation of these policies and laws. These in-
clude financial supports to employers, to serve as an incentive or
to ensure that the employment of the person does not cause any
additional cost or other problems to the employer, and support

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