Evolución de los fueros jurisdiccionales romanos en la práctica legislativa y jurisprudencial de la UE en el siglo XXI

AuthorJuan Ramón Robles
PositionUniversidad de Murcia
Pages237-279
237
ISSN 1989-1970
Octubre-2021
Full text article
www.ridrom.uclm.es
Fecha de recepción:
13/09/2021
Fecha de aceptación:
20/10/2021
Palabras clave:
Competencia judicial UE; Reglamentos UE-Derecho romano; forum
domicilii y UE.
Keywords:
EU competence courts; EU Regulation; Roman Law, forum domicilii,
European Union.
EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS FUEROS JURISDICCIONALES ROMANOS EN LA
PRÁCTICA LEGISLATIVA Y JURISPRUDENCIAL DE LA UE EN EL SIGLO XXI
EVOLUTION OF ROMAN JURISDICTION RULES IN THE EU LEGISLATIVE AND
CASE LAW PRACTICE IN THE XXI CENTURY
Juan Ramón Robles
Profesor Contratado Doctor de Derecho Romano
Universidad de Murcia
jrrobles@um.es
ORCID: 0000-0002-2686-8305
(ROBLES, Juan Ramón. Evolución de los fueros jurisdiccionales romanos en la práctica legislativa y
jurisprudencial de la UE en el siglo XXI. RIDROM [on line]. 27-2021. ISSN 1989-1970. p. 237-279.
http://www.ridrom.uclm.es)
Resumen:
La promulgación de los Reglamentos de la UE en materia de competencia jurisdiccional ha puesto de
manifiesto su innegable ori gen justinianeo. Esta presencia romana ha sido ratificada por la jurisprudencia
del TJUE que, en sus sentencias, se remite a los co nceptos y fueros que utilizaban los jurisconsultos
romanos. La remisión al domicil io habitual como criterio prioritario para determinar la competencia judicial
ha sido completada, no sólo con la ref erencia al forum rei sitae, forum delicti commissi o forum solutio nis, sino a
conceptos nuevos como el de “residencia habitual”, que complementa al domicilio. Se observa que el
legislador comunitario ha de recurrir a fueros excepcionales o privilegiados que intentan adaptar los
cimientos romanos a la nueva construcción del derecho del siglo XXI, pero que no dejan de ser una
adaptación de los criterios clásicos acuña dos hace dos mil años.
Abstract:
The enactment of EU Regula tions in the field of jurisdictional competence has proved its undeniable
Justinian origin. This Roman presence has bee n confirmed by CJEU case-law, as some of its decisions refer
to the concepts and competence rules that were applied by Roman jurists. The habitual address as main
criterion for the determination of the jurisdictional c ompetence has been completed, not only by the
remittance to the forum rei sitae, forum delicti commissi or forum solutionis, but also by new concepts as
"habitual residence" (that complement "address"). We can perceive that the EU legislator needs to apply
exceptional or privileged competence crite ria with the aim of adapting Roman basis to the new construction
of XXI century laws. Howev er, these are undoubtedly an adaptation of classical criteria developed two
thousand years ago.
www.ridrom.uclm.es
octubre-2021
238
EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS FUEROS JURISDICCIONALES ROMANOS EN
LA PRÁCTICA LEGISLATIVA Y JURISPRUDENCIAL DE LA UE EN EL
SIGLO XXI.1
I.- Resumen. II.- Introducción. III.- El respeto a la voluntad y la
libertad de elección de las partes. III.1.- Forum domicilii en los textos
clásicos y propuestas revisionistas. III.2.- Evolución desde el forum
domicilii a la “residencia habitual” y “centro de intereses”. III.3.- Forum
delicti commissi y responsabilidad aquiliana. III.4.- Fueros de
aplicación en materia de acciones penales. Forum delicti commissi y lex
loci damni en la UE. IV.- Reflexiones finales. V.- Bibliografía.
I.- Resumen
La promulgación de los Reglamentos de la UE en materia de
competencia jurisdiccional ha puesto de manifiesto su innegable
origen justinianeo. Esta presencia romana ha sido ratificada por la
jurisprudencia del TJUE que, en sus sentencias, se remite a los
conceptos y fueros que utilizaban los jurisconsultos romanos. La
remisión al domicilio habitual como criterio prioritario para
determinar la competencia judicial ha sido completada, no sólo con
la referencia al forum rei sitae, forum delicti commissi o forum
solutionis, sino a conceptos nuevos como el de “residencia habitual”,
que complementa al domicilio. Se observa que el legislador
comunitario ha de recurrir a fueros excepcionales o privilegiados que
intentan adaptar los cimientos romanos a la nueva construcción del
1 El presente trabajo, auspiciado por el Proyecto Fundación BBVA “Los principios del
Derecho Romano en el Derecho europeo del siglo XXI - Programa Logos Fundación
BBVA de Ayudas a la Investigación en el Área de Estudios Clásicos”, se realiza en
homenaje al Catedrático de Derecho Civil, Dr. D. Juan Roca Guillamón, como muestra
de gratitud y amistad.
www.ridrom.uclm.es
octubre-2021
239
derecho del siglo XXI, pero que no dejan de ser una adaptación de los
criterios clásicos acuñados hace dos mil años.
Palabras clave: Competencia judicial EU; Reglamentos EU-Derecho
romano; forum domicilii y UE.
The enactment of EU Regulations in the field of jurisdictional
competence has proved its undeniable Justinian origin. This Roman
presence has been confirmed by CJEU case-law, as some of its
decisions refer to the concepts and competence rules that were
applied by Roman jurists. The habitual address as main criterion for
the determination of the jurisdictional competence has been
completed, not only by the remittance to the forum rei sitae, forum
delicti commissi or forum solutionis, but also by new concepts as
"habitual residence" (that complement "address"). We can perceive
that the EU legislator needs to apply exceptional or privileged
competence criteria with the aim of adapting Roman basis to the new
construction of XXI century laws. However, these are undoubtedly
an adaptation of classical criteria developed two thousand years ago.
Keywords: EU competence courts; UE Regulation; Roman Law,
forum domicilii, European Union.
II.- Introducción
La regulación reglamentaria de la UE se ha servido de una
redacción cercana a ciudadanos y juristas comunitarios de manera
que, superadas las primeras desconfianzas y recelos, fuese acogida

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