Endnotes

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.13169/instemplrighj.3.1.0121
• Published date: 01 January 2020
• Date: 01 January 2020
• Pages: 121-124

Endnotes

121

Endnotes

1 Financial Times, ‘Jobs, growth and budgets:

how the EU is bouncing back’, https://

www.ft.com/content/718c3892-73c5-

11e8-aa31-31da4279a601?desktop=true

&segmentId=7c8f0 9b9-9b61-4fbb-9430-

9208a9e233c8#myft:notification:daily-

email:content, accessed 24 June 2018.

In 2003, households on the lower half of

incomesearned £14,900 in today’s money,

after inflation and housing costs. By 2016/17

this had declined to £14,800 (A Corlett, S

Clarke, C D’Arcy, J Wood, The Living Standards

Audit 2018, the Resolution Foundation, July

2018). At the other end of the pay spectrum

the average remuneration of the FTSE 100

chief executive in 2016 was £4.5m, equiva-

lent to 160 times the average earning or 262

times the Living Wage (CIPD and High Pay

Centre, Executive Pay; Review of FTSE 100

Executive Pay packages, August 2017).

2 Under Title VIII of the Treaty of the

Functioning of the European Union. See J

Visser, S Hayter and R Gammarano, Trends

in Collective Bargaining Coverage: Stability,

Erosion or Decline?, ILO 2017.

3 J Hendy, ‘Britain, trade union rights, the EU

and free trade agreements’ in C Jones (ed),

Europe, the EU and Britain: Workers’ Rights

and Economic Democracy, IER and MML,

2017.

4 K D Ewing, ‘Implications of the Post-Brexit

Architecture for Labour Law’ (2017) 28

King’s Law Journal 403.

5 This objectionable term treats workers as

commodities to be traded. It is therefore

incompatible with the first fundamen-

tal principle of the International Labour

Organization contained in its Declaration Of

Philadelphia,1944, Article I(a), which reas-

serts that ‘labour is not a commodity’.

 6 NewMinistriesandSecretariesAct1916.

7 See KD Ewing (ed), Working Life,1995; KD

Ewing and J Hendy (eds), A Manifesto for

Collective Bargaining, IER, 2013; KD Ewing,

J Hendy and C Jones (eds), A Manifesto for

Labour Law, IER, 2016; L Hayes, 8 Good

Reasons why Adult Social Care needs

Sectoral Collective Bargaining, IER, 2017.

8 See, e.g., the Royal Society of Arts in B

Balaram and F Wallace-Stevens, Thriving,

striving or just about surviving? Seven por-

traits of economic security and modern

work in the UK, RSA, 2018 (at 70-71); the

IMF in F Jaumotte and C Osorio Buitron,

Inequality and Labor Market Institutions,

IMF, 2015; Collective Bargaining Through

the Magnifying Glass: a Comparison

between the Netherlands and Portugal,

IMF, 2017; A Vamvakidis, Regional Wage

Differentiation and Wage Bargaining

Systems in the EU, OECD, Economic Outlook

2017 (one quarter of the 200 odd pages is

devoted to this subject); OECD, Economic

Outlook, 2018; OECD and ILO, Building

Trust in a Changing World of Work: the

Global Deal for Decent Work and Inclusive

Growth Flagship Report 2018, OECD and

ILO, 2018. The European Commission,

which has hitherto driven economic poli-

cies aimed at decentralising sectoral collec-

tive bargaining, has now proposed a new

Posted Workers Directive which supports

and recognises the legitimacy of sectoral

collective agreements.

 9 Manifesto, op cit, chapter 2.

10 See, e.g., Collective Bargaining, A Policy

Guide, ILO, 2015.

11 Much of the literature is cited in the

Manifesto for Labour Lawat FN 40, 64-69.

And see the material cited in Note 8 above.

12 See Manifesto for Labour LawFN 37, 49,

50, 56-58. And see J Berg, Labour Markets,

Institutions and Inequality: Building Just

Societies in the 21st Century, Edward Elgar and

ILO, 2015; HS Farber, D Herbst, I Kuziemko,

S Naidu, Unions and Inequality over the

Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey

Data, MBER Working Paper 24587, 2018; D