La disolución de Yugoslavia
Author | Juan Manuel de Faramiñán Gilbert |
Pages | 886 |
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Bermejo García, R., y Gutiérrez Espada, C., La disolución de Yugoslavia, Ediciones Universidad de navarra, Pamplona, 2007, 277 pp.
Si existe un tema que resulta recurrente en los actuales estudios científicos y que tenga su consecuente reflejo en la prensa cotidiana es la desmembración de la Antigua Yugoslavia y sus efectos posteriores. Al escribir estos comentarios, en diciembre de 2007, la posible segregación de Kosovo está poniendo a prueba la coherencia de la comunidad internacional que debería tentar con cuidado el posible nacimiento de un nuevo Estado sin el aval de las naciones Unidas. Ello acredita la oportunidad de esta publicación que sale a la luz con el cometido de clarificar el complicado proceso de creación y disolución del Estado yugoslavo que no ha llegado a cumplir un siglo. Ante un fenómeno tan enmarañado cabe preguntarse cuáles han sido las causas del proceso de desintegración yugoslavo y, en este sentido, los autores señalan que el factor del nacionalismo no es la única causa de la crisis yugoslava y que, como en otros muchos conflictos, las causas son más complejas, ya que «si bien es obvio que hubo elementos étnicos y religiosos que propiciaron el conflicto, no conviene ignorar que hubo también otros factores como la lucha por dominar diversos centros de poder que se habían creado durante décadas en Yugoslavia, así como las tensiones que se fueron suscitando entre las regiones más ricas y las más pobres» (pp. 13-14).
La obra presenta una estructura didáctica que permite analizar los Orígenes de la crisis en la Antigua Yugoslavia (pp. 11-14), para adentrarse a continuación en tres aspectos fundamentales de la desmembración yugoslava en los que se desgranan, por un lado, las distintas reacciones en Europa (una comunidad Europea a la que se cogió «enfrascada en sus propios asuntos» p. 22 o la cScE/OSCE, como «una especie de diplomacia preventiva que no previene nada» p. 69); por otro lado, la actitud de las naciones Unidas, como «la crónica de un fracaso anunciado» (p. 85 y en particular p. 129) y seguidamente, el papel de la UEO y de la OtAn en la «guerra de Kosovo» donde la intervención armada de la OtAn plantea el debate sobre su...
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