A constitucionalização do direito internacional no direito brasileiro

AuthorLeonardo Nemer Caldeira Brant
PositionPesquisador Bolsista do CNPq, produtividade em pesquisa, PQ2. Doutor em Direito Público pela Université Paris X Nanterre
Pages64-159
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