La condizione giuridica delle vedove in età tardoantica

Pages179-192
AuthorAlessio Guasco
179
LA CONDIZIONE GIURIDICA
DELLE VEDOVE IN ETÀ TARDOANTICA
Alessio Guasco
Professore Associato Università Telematica ‘Giustino Fortunato’
Sommario: 1. Sant’Ambrogio e il sermone ‘de viduis’; 2. La legislazione
imperiale e le seconde nozze (380-382 d.C.); 3. Le vedove e
l’indegnità a succedere: ulteriori interventi normativi tra IV e V
secolo; 4. Conclusioni.
1. SANT’AMBROGIO E IL SERMONE ‘DE VIDUIS
S. Ambrogio, già magistrato romano, vescovo e santo, fu autore
intorno al 377 d.C. del sermone de viduis 1, con cui esortò le vedove,
anche evidenziandone esempi illustri 2, ad evitare di passare a seconde
nozze 3 e a conservare il proprio privilegiato stato di castità 4.
1 Gori (1989); Biffi (2002).
2 Nel de viduis sono contenuti exempla di vedove ‘illustri’ protagoniste di
episodi contenuti nelle Sacre Scritture (Nazzaro, 1989); vedove prive dell’assistenza
materiale del marito che erano riuscite a provvedere per sé e per gli altri grazie
all’aiuto di Dio. Tra gli esempi di vedove ricordate da Ambrogio nel de viduis
rientra sicuramente quello della vedova Anna, elogiata per non essersi risposata
nonostante una lunga vedovanza e per aver prestato servizio per molto tempo
presso il Tempio, dedicandosi in tal modo alla cura delle ‘res divinae’, oppure quello
della vedova che aveva donato ai poveri con modestia e senza clamore, nonostante
fosse anch’ella povera.

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