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- Parte Segunda. Principios de Regulación de las Obligaciones y Contratos
Conclusiones generales
Author | Carmen Parra Rodríguez |
Profession | Profesora de Derecho Internacional Privado de la UB |
El Derecho internacional privado busca hoy en día en el ámbito material la solución a los problemas que le plantea la proliferación del tráfico externo. En este sentido las fórmulas utilizadas se decantan por la creación de normas de especialización, en el caso comunitario de Directivas, que son transpuestas en los ordenamientos como normas internas con una dimensión comunitaria. No obstante la fragmentariedad en las materias armonizadas y la discrecionalidad del Estado en la incorporación de las mismas a su ordenamiento, hace necesario que sean interpretadas según los Principios generales que inspiran las normas contenidas en los Tratados y en los Convenios complementarios. Hay por tanto una convivencia de fuentes a través de las cuales se intenta conseguir la uniformización en el ámbito europeo de las obligaciones.
En este sentido ambos instrumentos, Directivas y Convenios, conviven con el fin de obtener una regulación uniforme, ya que la materialización del DIPr. sólo se puede conseguir a través de normas sectorializadas que den respuestas concretas a los problemas que plantean en cada momento un ámbito determinado. Para ello las Directivas aportan un carácter actual, permitiéndoles su adscripción a los ordenamientos internos una movilidad de la que carecen los Convenios, pudiendo evolucionar al ritmo de la sociedad internacional.
Por el contrario la regulación convencional se caracteriza por su estabilidad e inamobilidad, ya que el sistema de modificación de Convenios no se ajusta a la rapidez que exigen los cambios internacionales.
Esta carencia que tienen los Convenios se suple con la inclusión en sus textos de Principios generales de interpretación que sirven para establecer las pautas de actuación que uniformizan las normas materiales y especializadas del DIPr. Así por ejemplo en materia de consumidores el Principio de protección de la parte débil consagrado en nuestros días, y que se encuentra en la base de los art. 5 y 6 del Convenio de Roma debe servir para inspirar la interpretación uniforme de las Directivas de consumidores, ya que la misión de las mismas es buscar soluciones especializadas en sectores específicos como pueden ser las cláusulas abusivas, los contratos celebrados a distancia etc.
Junto a estos Principios se han unido otros de carácter material que provienen de los ordenamientos estatales a través de los cuales se intenta uniformizar la aplicación tanto del Convenio como de las Directivas. Entre ellos destaca el Principio de la buena fe, el de la seguridad jurídica, el de la confianza legítima etc.
Todos ellos forman parte del...
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