Conclusiones
Author | Alberto Iglesias Garzón |
Pages | 257-260 |
Page 257
La creciente y continua pretensión de afianzar la voluntad del soberano en materias de Derecho privado y frente a la actividad judicial recorre la modernidad francesa hasta más allá de la promulgación del Código de 1804. La política que la motivó, a su vez, fuertemente condicionada por las ideas del Derecho natural, terminará incidiendo en la doctrina jurídica. Así, evoluciona ésta en función del desarrollo de las ideas del Derecho natural y de la noción de justicia que incorporaba. Moral, Política y Derecho alimentan el desarrollo de la relación entre los jueces y las leyes.
La Ilustración desempeñó un papel vital y, más que ella, la razón. Gracias a la llegada del racionalismo cartesiano, que coincide con la juventud de Domat, y la ruptura del clásico escepticismo del siglo XVI se agotaron las razones místicas de obediencia a la ley, plasmada en forma de antiguas costumbres. Poco a poco se llegaría a la construcción de un modelo de justicia natural en el que el hombre era considerado como fin y no como medio, albergando en su seno la igualdad de trato de los ciudadanos ante la ley.
En la política, el soberano se vió libre de las trabas que el respeto a las antiguas costumbres y tradiciones le imponía. Primeramente estableció una obligación universal de obediencia al procedimiento civil de 1667. Terminó por configurar y promulgar un Código civil para todos los franceses y por
Page 258
arrogarse la posibilidad de castigar a los jueces que desobedecieran sus mandatos, recogidos en forma de Ley. Se hizo, como se sabe, con el monopolio de la producción jurídica, elevándola y primándola por encima de las costumbres y de la jurisprudencia y propuso, no sin esfuerzos, las bases de la unificación jurídica. La voluntad general se impuso, en resumidas cuentas, sobre las voluntades particulares, expresada primeramente por un monarca despótico y más adelante por una asamblea demo-crática.
Es en la evolución de la doctrina jurídica generada por estos cambios en dónde se centra este trabajo. Allí cabe entender inserta la obra de Jean Domat, que refleja la posición política del soberano en los momentos en los que el Derecho natural se constituía como paradigma filosófico. Con este autor, también lo será en la práctica jurídica, al contrario que a mediados del siglo XIX en el que el Derecho natural se vió prácticamente excluido del discurso jurídico de los jueces que apenas podían apelar al mismo. Las consideraciones sumamente peyorativas de...
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- Jueces y Leyes, entre el Absolutismo y la Codificación
- Prólogo a cargo de Gregorio Peces-Barba
- Introducción
- Independencia y legitimidad judicial en el Antiguo Régimen francés
- La pretensión de reforma de la administración de justicia hasta el Código Civil
- La doctrina jurídica civilista: el caso de Jean Domat
- Código y metodología entre el iusnaturalismo y el positivismo jurídico
- Conclusiones
- Bibliografía
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