"El código es el contrato" - una expresión problemática
Author | José Daniel Sánchez Quiñones |
Position | Abogado y Politólogo de la Universidad Javeriana. Candidato a la maestría en Derecho y Tecnologías Digitales en la Universidad de Leiden, Holanda |
Son frecuentes las discusiones sobre la dificultad para el derecho en seguirle el ritmo a la innovación digital, generalmente conducidas bajo una premisa: las nuevas tecnologías deben, en todo caso, verse dotadas de un sustento y direccionamiento por parte del ordenamiento jurídico, lo que facilita un balance entre la garantía de derechos y la libertad para innovar; algo que parecería una obviedad.
Sin embargo, dicha premisa no parece tan clara al tratarse del “contrato inteligente”, también conocido como contrato ITTT (“If this, then that” / “Si esto, entonces esto”). Este se entiende como una herramienta tecnológica que permite la ejecución automática de un evento o condición preestablecida mediante códigos informáticos (generalmente en un lenguaje llamado Solidity) que se registran en una base de datos descentralizada llamada blockchain (habitualmente en una red llamada Ethereum – que no debe confundirse con la criptomoneda Ether).
Un ejemplo de esto es el producto Fizzy, lanzado por la aseguradora AXA en 2017 (actualmente descontinuado), que ofrecía a los viajeros un seguro en caso de que su vuelo se viera retrasado por 2 horas o más. El código se alimentaba de una base de datos sobre los horarios de los vuelos, pudiendo así asegurar que ante cualquier retraso por dicho termino...
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