Capítulo V. Las acciones 3 y 5 del plan BEPS

Pages35-36
AuthorCésar García Novoa
CAPÍTULO V
LAS ACCIONES 3 Y 5 DEL PLAN BEPS
Como hemos dicho, el Plan BEPS glosó, en sus 15 Acciones y en sus res-
pectivos informes conclusivos, una serie de prácticas que, a juicio de la OCDE,
se integrarían en el complejo concepto de planicación scal agresiva. De todas
estas acciones, en relación con el recurso a las holding, debemos centrarnos
preferentemente en dos de ellas.
Dejaremos ahora de lado la Acción 5 de BEPS, destinada a combatir las prác-
ticas scales perniciosas, teniendo en cuenta la transparencia y la sustancia. Esta
Acción 5, a la que haremos mención más adelante, incluye la evaluación de los
denominados regímenes preferenciales, con potencialidad para erosionar las bases
de otras jurisdicciones. Entre estos posibles regímenes preferenciales podrían si-
tuarse las sociedades holding. Centraremos nuestra atención ahora en la Acción 3
del Plan BEPS, la cual hace referencia a la necesidad de reforzar la normativa
sobre Controlled Foreing Corporation (CFC) o transparencia scal internacional.
La transparencia scal internacional puede ser una medida que se utilice en los
países en los que se constituyen sociedades holding, cuando se considera que las
mismas pretenden un diferimiento o traslación de la carga tributaria.
Y es que la transparencia fiscal internacional es un mecanismo antie-
lusorio, centrado en combatir el diferimiento o tax deferral, en especial,
como dice Isenbergh, en relación con las foreing base companies 1. Su
surgimiento se sitúa en el año 1962 en Estados Unidos durante la Admi-
nistración Kennedy. Como dicen Concha Carballido y Sánchez Mercader,
«si bien es cierto que las normas sobre transparencia fiscal internacional
(controlled foreign company o CFC) han sido ampliamente aceptadas e in-
1 Sobre el tax deferral, J. I, International Taxation, New York, Foundation Press, Thom-
son West, 2000, pp. 191 y 194.

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