Autopsicobots como agentes morales: reflexiones (bio) éticas preliminares sobre la inteligencia artificial fuerte

Pages323-339
AuthorRodrigo Siqueira-Batista,Fabíola Alves Alcântara,Oswaldo Jesus Rodrigues Da Motta,Eugênio Silva
323
CAPÍTULO XVII
AUTOPSICOBOTS
COMO AGENTES
MORALES: REFLEXIONES (BIO)
ÉTICAS PRELIMINARES SOBRE LA
INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL FUERTE1
1 Este capítulo retoma el artículo “Autopsychobots – ‘articial people’: (Bio)ethical re-
ections on the responsibility of Homo sapiens de los mismos autores, basado en el
ensayo “What are Autopsychobots”. Se reproducen aquí extractos del escrito origi-
nal, especialmente los relacionados con el concepto de autopsicobot.
2 Médico, lósofo, matemático y Doctor en Ciencias por la Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.
Profesor titular de la Universidade Federal de Viçosa y de la Faculdade Dinâmica do
Vale do Piranga.
3 Fisioterapeuta, experta en Inteligéncia Articial y doctora en Bioética, Ética Aplica-
da y Salud Pública por la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Profesora Titular
de la Faculdade Dinâmica do Vale Piranga.
4 Enfermero, abogado y doctor en Bioética, Ética Aplicada y Salud Pública por la
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Profesor visitante de la Universidade Fede-
ral de Rio de Janeiro.
5 Cientíco de la Computación y doctor en Ingeniería Eléctrica por la Ponticia Uni-
versidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Profesor Asociado de la Universidad do Esta-
RODRIGO SIQUEIRA-BATISTA2
FABÍOLA ALVES ALCÂNTARA3
OSWALDO JESUS RODRIGUES DA MOTTA4
EUGÊNIO SILVA5
LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL
JORGE ISAAC TORRES MANRIQUE | DIRECTOR
324
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
La Inteligencia Articial (IA) es ya –a mediados de la tercera década del
siglo XXI– una realidad en la vida cotidiana de las personas en muchas socie-
dades. De hecho, desde su aplicación en el diagnóstico prenatal6 hasta su uso
en la reanimación digital,7 es evidente que la IA abarca ya diferentes ámbitos
de la vida humana, de el nacimiento hasta la muerte.
Las distintas concepciones de la IA apuntan a la existencia de artefactos
con un comportamiento inteligente.8 De hecho, una determinada concepción
de la IA puede esbozarse como “el arte de crear máquinas que realizan funciones
que requieren inteligencia cuando las realizan personas (p. 14)9 o como el estudio de
cómo hacer que los ordenadores realicen cosas que, por el momento, se les dan mejor a las
personas (p. 3).10 La acción inteligente de las máquinas puede analizarse desde
un punto de vista losóco desde dos perspectivas: la “IA débil” y la “IA erte”.11
La “IA débil” se basa en el concepto de IA como ámbito de estudio
destinado a desarrollar constructos capaces de realizar acciones consideradas
inteligentes. Un ejemplo de ello es el GPT-3, un sistema basado en el proce-
do do Rio de Janeiro, Profesor Titular de lo Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos
y Profesor Adjunto de lo Centro Universitário Carioca.
6 LIU X, ZHANG Y, ZHU H, JIA B, WANG J, HE Y, ZHANG H. Applications
of articial intelligence-powered prenatal diagnosis for congenital heart disease.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1345761.
7 RESÉNDIZ HR, RESÉNDIZ JR. Digital resurrection: challenging the boundary
between life and death with articial intelligence. Philosophies 2024, 9(3), 71; ht-
tps://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9030071.
8 SIQUEIRABATISTA R, SILVA E. Notas sobre os fundamentos matemáticos da
Inteligência Articial. Rev Ciên, Tecnol Inov 2019; 4: 44-54.
9 KURZWEIL R. e age of intelligent machines. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990,
565 p.
10 RICH E, KNIGHT K. Articial Intelligence. 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill, 1991.
11 LIU B. “Weak AI” is likely to never become “Strong AI”, so what is its greatest value
for us? arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.15294, 2021 – arxiv.org

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