Arreglar el futuro de los niños que trabajan en Malí
“Cuando conocí a Mouna, apenas podía creer que sólo tuviera 9 años…. aunque su frágil cuerpo era desde luego el de una niña, su cara parecía la de una mujer mayor”, asegura Marcel Crozet, fotógrafo de la OIT. De 7 a 8 de la mañana, Mouna trabaja como crida para una familia de la localidad de Douentza.
Por 2.000 francos CFA (3,05 euros) al mes, cuida de los niños, prepara la comida, saca pesados cubos de agua de un pozo, lava los platos y limpia la casa. Anoche se dirigió a pedir ayuda a un centro dirigido por la ONG AVES (Avenir Enfance Sahel), porque llevaban cuatro meses sin pagarle, y no podía comer todos los días...
Un representante de la ONG la acompañará al día siguiente para reunirse y debatir la cuestión con la familia que la emplea. Este tipo de intervención suele ser muy eficaz…
Al día siguiente, a las seis de la mañana, durante una visita a una “casera”, conocimos a Awa, de 15 años de edad, otra trabajadora del servicio doméstico. En una habitación sin ventanas de 12 m2, la casera alberga a 15 niñas de corta edad procedentes de su misma localidad de origen. Duermen en esterillas dispuestas sobre el suelo, y todas sus pertenencias caben en una bolsa de plástico...
Awa está sola; las demás niñas se han ido ya a trabajar. Durante tres días, padeció un grave ataque de malaria. Era la ocasión para que el médico empleado por AVES interviniera con el tratamiento apropiado...
AVES, una de organizaciones asociadas de la OIT en Mali, se propone atenuar el éxodo rural de niñas y protegerlas frente a diversos riesgos, entre los que figura la explotación sexual.
Sus actividades comprenden la educación, la promoción de la salud, la formación profesional y el apoyo a las actividades de generación de renta. OITIPEC colabora estrechamente con la Administración y las organizaciones patronales y sindicales en la búsqueda de vías de refuerzo de tales programas.
En Malí, más de 50.000 menores, de los que 35.000 son niñas, se han beneficiado de los programas de acción de la OIT. Se han establecido sistemas de escolarización gratuita para los niños que trabajan en áreas agrarias, sacándoles así de un entorno de trabajo peligroso sin añadir una carga financiera insoportable para sus padres.
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