Appendix III: Excerpts from Canadian Criminal Code

• Author: Gregory, John - Pestaina, Mr Gene
• Profession: General Counsel, Policy Branch - Attorney-at-law
• Pages: 115-122

Page 115

Making, having or dealing in instruments for forging or falsifying credit cards 342.01 (1) Every person who, without lawful justification or excuse,

(a) makes or repairs,

(b) buys or sells,

(c) exports from or imports into Canada, or

(d) possesses any instrument, device, apparatus, material or thing that the person knows has been used or knows is adapted or intended for use in forging or falsifying credit cards is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

Forfeiture

(2) Where a person is convicted of an offence under subsection (1), any instrument, device, apparatus, material or thing in relation to which the offence was committed or the possession of which constituted the offence may, in addition to any other punishment that may be imposed, be ordered forfeited to Her Majesty, whereupon it may be disposed of as the Attorney General directs.

Limitation

(3) No order of forfeiture may be made under subsection (2) in respect of any thing that is the property of a person who was not a party to the offence under subsection (1). 1997, c. 18, s. 17.

Unauthorised use of computer 342.1(1) Every one who, fraudulently and without colour of right,Page 116

(a) obtains, directly or indirectly, any computer service,

(b) by means of an electro-magnetic, acoustic, mechanical or other device, intercepts or causes to be intercepted, directly or indirectly, any function of a computer system,

(c) uses or causes to be used, directly or indirectly, a computer system with intent to commit an offence under paragraph (a) or (b) or an offence under section 430 in relation to data or a computer system, or

(d) uses, possesses, traffics in or permits another person to have access to a computer password that would enable a person to commit an offence under paragraph (a), (b) or (c) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

Definitions

"computer password" ´mot de passeª

computer program ´programme d'ordinateurª

"computer service" ´service d'ordinateurª

"computer system" ´ordinateurª

"data" ´donnÈesª

(2) In this section,

"computer password" means any data by which a computer service or computer system is capable of being obtained or used;

"computer program" means data representing instructions or statements that, when executed in a computer system, causes the computer system to perform a function;

"computer service" includes data processing and the storage or retrieval of data;

"computer system" means a device that, or a group of interconnected or related devices one or more of which,

(a) contains computer programs or other data, and

(b) pursuant to computer programs,

(i) performs logic and control, and (ii) may perform any other function;

"data" means representations of information or of concepts that are being prepared or have been prepared in a form suitable for use in a computer system;Page 117

" electro-magnetic, acoustic, mechanical or other device" ´dispositif ÈlectramagnÈtique, acoustique, mÈcanique ou autreª

"electro-magnetic, acoustic, mechanical or other device" means any device or apparatus that is used or is capable of being used to intercept any function of a computer system, but does not include a hearing aid used to correct...