El anhelo de la Justicia mundial y la época de transición
Author | Luis Maria Boffi Boggeri |
Pages | 21-22 |
Page 21
Un antiguo anhelo, acariciado por la humanidad como un ideal jurídico, ha sido el de contar con un organismo mundial que dirimiese las contiendas a manera de último refugio del derecho. La Sociedad de las Naciones dio un paso, creando con ese fin el Tribunal Permanente de Justicia Internacional, y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas lo hizo con la Corte Internacional de Justicia5. Tanto las organizaciones funda-Page 22 doras como los órganos fundados han recibido elogios y críticas provenientes de las fuentes más distintas y desde los puntos de vista más diversos6.
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[5] La guerra de 1914 y años siguientes, llamada comúnmente primera guerra mundial, persuadió a numerosas personas de la necesidad imperiosa de organizar una paz permanente. Hubo entonces primacía de la fuerza solidaria sobre la egoísta. Sólo poderosos intereses hicieron que la estructura concebida para lograr la paz y asegurarla no fuese exactamente la que más convenía al triunfo de esos propósitos. Con todo es un antecedente que debe meditarse con seriedad, como un primer paso en algunas materias, por ejemplo, la constitución de un organismo internacional para administrar justicia.
La República Argentina adhirió sin reservas al Pacto de la Liga y el 18 de noviembre de 1920 habló el Presidente de la Delegación, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores doctor Honorio Pueyrredón. Entre los párrafos de su elocuente discurso podemos citar los que siguen: "La República Argentina considera que es esencial que todos los Estados soberanos reconocidos por la comunidad internacional sean admitidos a formar parte de la Liga de las Naciones, de tal modo que su no incorporación sea el resultado de una decisión voluntaria de su patria. La fuerza de la Liga reside en la incorporación de un gran número de miembros. Cuanto menos Estados haya fuera de su jurisdicción, tanto más numerosos serán los sometidos a su disciplina y al cumplimiento de los deberes que la Liga impone. La no admisión de algunos países podría crear antagonismos peligrosos, podría ser origen de una Liga de Estados constituida contra esta Liga, de la que no formarían parte, y una causa de inquietud constante para la paz del mundo. La Liga de las Naciones parecería, además, muy injustamente, como una alianza para concluir la guerra, y no lo que es en realidad, un poderoso organismo con la misión de asegurar la paz.
"Nos induce a presentar estas observaciones, el deseo de ver fundarse la Liga de las Naciones sobre bases sólidas, y no quisiéramos de modo alguno ofender sentimientos que respetamos. Hablamos sencillamente en nombre de principios. El lazo que debe unir a los miembros de la nueva organización es fríamente jurídico y de forma de un contrato. Es la consecuencia de la necesidad de los pueblos de vivir en constantes relaciones. Lo reclama el deber de sacrificarse al bienestar colectivo, para llegar al ideal de justicia que la humanidad ansia ardientemente."
Y más adelante: "La República Argentina estima que todos los miembros del consejo deberían ser elegidos por la asamblea conformemente con el principio de la igualdad de los Estados, para que, en un espacio de tiempo dado, todas las naciones que formen parte de la Liga, hayan estado...
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- ¿Está en crisis la Corte Internacional de Justícia?
- Prefacio
- El Centro de la Paz Mundial mediante el derecho
- Conferencias del Centro
- La Conferencia de Abidján
- El anhelo de la Justicia mundial y la época de transición
- La crisis moral
- La revolución moral
- Las críticas a la Corte Internacional de Justicia
- Reformas
- Reflexiones sobre el ser humano-mundo
- Hacia la organización mundial
- Una visita a La Haya
- Las reformas mediatas deben guiar a las inmediatas
- Actividad constructiva
- Exhortación final
- Apéndice Carta de las naciones unidas
- Estatuto de la corte internacional de justicia.
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