De las acciones noxales
Author | Francisco Samper |
Pages | 369-373 |
Page 369
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Se instituyeron acciones noxales para los delitos cometidos por los hijos bajo potestad o los esclavos, como cuando cometiesen hurto o injuria, de manera que el padre o el amo podía asumir el riesgo de una condena pecuniaria o entregar el cuerpo del delincuente, ya que era injusto que la maldad del hijo o esclavo perjudicara a los padres y amos en grado mayor a lo que suponía perder el cuerpo del delincuente.
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Las acciones noxales se establecieron por leyes o por el edicto del pretor: por leyes, por ejemplo, la acción de hurto por la ley de las XII Tablas; la de daño injusto, por la ley Aquilia; por el edicto del pretor, por ejemplo, la de injurias y de bienes arrebatados violentamente.
Page 371
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Todas las acciones noxales persiguen la cabeza del delincuente, esto es: si un hijo tuyo o esclavo cometiera un delito, la acción se dirigirá contra ti en cuanto esté bajo tu potestad, mas si pasara a potestad de otro, la acción se dirigirá contra aquél; si el delincuente empezara a ser independiente, la acción será directa contra él mismo, y desaparece entonces la entrega noxal. Y viceversa, también la acción directa puede convertirse en noxal: si un padre de familia cometiera un delito y pasara a ti mediante arrogación, o empezara a ser esclavo tuyo, lo cual dijimos que sucede en ciertos casos, procede contra ti, como noxal, la acción que antes fue directa.
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Pero si un hijo cometiera un delito contra el padre, o un esclavo contra el amo, no nace ninguna acción, ya que no puede surgir obligación entre quien está bajo potestad mía y yo. Por eso, aunque pasara a potestad de otro, o empezara a ser independiente, no puede litigarse ni con él mismo ni con aquel bajo cuya potestad se halla. De lo cual nace la cuestión de si, en caso de que un esclavo o hijo ajeno me causara daño, y después entra bajo mi potestad, se extingue o permanece latente. Nuestros maestros creen que se extingue, puesto que ha llegado a un estado en que no puede permanecer la obligación; y por eso, a pesar de que dejara de estar bajo mi potestad, yo no podría litigar. Los maestros de la otra escuela opinan que permanece latente la acción mientras esté bajo mi potestad el que cometió el delito, puesto que yo no puedo litigar conmigo mismo; pero al dejar de estar bajo mi potestad, entonces la...
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- Comentario Cuarto
- De la división de las acciones
- De las acciones de la ley
- De las fórmulas
- De las acciones adyecticias
- De las acciones noxales
- De los que litigan a nombre de otro
- De las garantías que han de prestar los que litigan
- Cómo se extinguen las acciones
- De las excepciones, replicaciones, duplicación y triplicación
- De las prescripciones
- De los interdictos
- De las penas contra los litigantes temerarios
- De la citación a litigio y el vadimonio
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