De las acciones adyecticias
Author | Francisco Samper |
Pages | 365-369 |
Page 365
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Corno antes hicimos referencia a la acción que se da contra el peculio de los hijos bajo potestad y de los esclavos, debemos ahora exponer dicha acción y otras que suelen darse en su mismo nombre contra los padres y amos.
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En primer lugar, si se efectúa un negocio con aprobación del padre o del amo, el pretor dispuso una acción por el total contra el padre o amo. Y con razón, porque el que así realiza un negocio, parece tener más confianza en el padre o amo que en el hijo o esclavo.
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Por la misma razón creó otras dos acciones, la exercitoria y la institoria: La exercitoria tiene lugar cuando el padre o amo pone a un hijo o esclavo al frente de una nave, y se realiza con ellos un negocio marítimo. Como se considera que éste se contrae por voluntad del padre o amo, se estimó justo dar contra éstos una acción sin límites. Es más, aunque alguien pusiese a un extraño como piloto de una nave, sea esclavo, sea libre, se le da contra aquél esta acción pretoria. Se llama exercitoria porque “exercitor” es el nombre del que recauda la ganancia diaria de una nave. La fórmula institoria tiene lugar cuando alguien pone al frente de una taberna o de cualquier otro negocio a un hijo o esclavo, y con ellos se contrae algo referente a dicho negocio. Se llama institoria porque “institor” es el nombre del que está al frente de una taberna. Y también esta acción es sin límites.
Page 367
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Se estableció, además, una acción tributoria contra el padre o amo, cuando el hijo o esclavo hacen un negocio con bienes de su peculio, sabiéndolo el padre o amo. Si se contrajera con ellos algo referente a este negocio, el pretor establece la regla de que todos los bienes del peculio afectos a ese negocio y los ingresos procedentes de él deben distribuirse, en caso de deuda, entre el padre o amo y los otros acreedores en parte proporcional. Y si los acreedores se quejan de que se les ha distribuido menos de lo que les correspondía, el pretor ofrece, para obtener lo que falta, esta acción llamada tributoria, esto es, de distribución.
72a. Hay también establecida por el pretor una acción sobre el peculio y los beneficios obtenidos, ya que, a pesar de que se hubiese realizado un negocio con el hijo de tal forma que ni la voluntad ni el consentimiento del padre interviniesen, si se obtuvo de ello algún beneficio para el padre o amo, se da acción en la medida del beneficio obtenido con dicho negocio. No obstante, falta una completa interpretación de lo que es el...
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