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- El Futuro de la Unión Europea
El acceso de los grupos de interés a los centros de decisión de la Unión Europea
Author | Antonio García Lorenzo |
Profession | Profesor de la Universidad de la Coruña. |
Pages | 143-150 |
Page 145
El proceso de adopción de las decisiones en la Unión Europea se basa, esencialmente, en la interacción entre la Comisión Europea y las administraciones gubernamentales representadas en el Consejo de Ministros. Ambas instituciones, no sólo minimizan la función del Parlamento, sino que llegan hasta el extremo de imponer normas que prevalecerán sobre las aprobadas por los parlamentos nacionales. Este alejamiento de los representantes de los ciudadanos del proceso decisorio y la ausencia de partidos políticos con programas en clave europea convierten las acciones de información llevadas a cabo por los grupos de interés en importantes instrumentos para que los ciudadanos puedan participar en la adopción de las decisiones. Dicha participación es un requisito indispensable para la transparencia democrática y para la afirmación misma de la Unión Europea, máxime si tenemos en cuenta que las encuestas de opinión del Eurobarómetro ponen de manifiesto el desapego que experimentan los ciudadanos respecto a la construcción europea, lo que nos permite augurar un gran futuro a los grupos de interés en este proceso.
La fragmentación organizativa del proceso político en la Unión Europea propicia el acceso de los grupos de interés a sus centros de decisión y, en consecuencia, su elevado grado de participación en el proceso decisorio constituye uno de los rasgos más característicos de la Unión Europea desde sus comienzos. Las instancias políticas constituirán el principal objetivo de estos grupos, pues no cabe la menor duda de que antes de actuar sobre el poder legislativo intentarán influir cuando se está elaborando la propuesta con la intención de que el personal administrativo apoye sus demandas y, en consecuencia, las incluya en sus proyectos.
Page 146
En su calidad de iniciadora de las políticas, la Comisión Europea promueve los contactos con una amplia gama de grupos de interés debido en parte a que quiere asegurarse de que la propuesta resultante sea aceptada por el Consejo de Ministros. Probablemente, el proceso de redacción de un borrador comience por la consulta a los funcionarios de los Estados miembros y a los representantes del sector privado, bien sea informalmente o a través del procedimiento del Libro Verde. Luego, podría decirse que el terreno ideal para la actividad de presión de los grupos organizados se sitúa claramente a nivel de la elaboración de la propuesta por parte de los servicios de la Comisión Europea. Estos contactos sirven además a la Comisión para compensar su falta de legitimidad democrática con una legitimidad de tipo funcional.
El Parlamento Europeo, hasta hace poco tiempo desprovisto de competencias importantes en el proceso decisorio, se ha ido convirtiendo a lo largo de los últimos años en un interlocutor más atractivo para los grupos de...
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