Abbreviations and Acronyms

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AIC

Administration for Industry and Commerce

ASEAN

Association of South East Asian Nations

CACM

Central American Common Market

CD

compact disc

CES

constant-elasticity-of-substitution

CIF

cost, insurance, and freight

DALYs

disability-adjusted life years

DEFEND

Developing Economies' Fund for Essential New Drugs

EBRD

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC

European Community

ECJ

European Court of Justice

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EMRs

exclusive marketing rights

EU

European Union

FDI

foreign direct investment

GATT

General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs

GDP

gross domestic product

GLS

generalized least squares

GNP

gross national product

IIPA

International Intellectual Property Alliance

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IPRs

intellectual property rights

LAFTA

Latin American Free Trade Association

LAIA

Latin American Integration Association

LM

Lagrange multiplier

MERCOSUR

Mercado Común del Sur (Southern Cone Common Market)

MLE

maximum likelihood estimation

MNE

multinational enterprise

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NTB

nontariff barrier

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OLI

ownership-location-internalization

OLS

ordinary least squares

PC

personal computer

R&D

research and development

SIC

Standard Industrial Classification

SITC

Standard International Trade Classification

SOE

state-owned enterprise

TB

tuberculosis

TFP

total factor productivity

TI

Transparency International

TNC

transnational corporation

TRAINS

Trade Analysis and Information System

TRI

Trade Restrictiveness Index

TRIPS

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

UNAIDS

United Nations Programme on AIDS

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

VCD

video compact disc

WHO

World Health Organization

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WTO

World Trade Organization