U
Author | Ramón R Abarca Fernández |
Pages | 107-111 |
Page 107
Ubi: Donde. Este adverbio latino inicia una serie de principios, aforismos y axiomas jurídicos conocidos ya en el Derecho antiguo y que han sido prohijados en el Derecho moderno. A continuación incluimos algunos de los principales ubi:
Ubi autem dicti fori non suffecerint ad naturalem sensum vel aequitatem recurratur: Principio jurídico del derecho aragonés contenido en el proemio primero de los Fueros aragoneses recopilados en 1247, según el cual cuando el fuero dictado al efecto no sea suficiente para resolver la cuestión o punto debatido, debe recurrirse a la razón natural o equidad, que por consecuencia se reconoce expresamente como fuente del Derecho aragonés y en lugar preferente al de Castilla o al incluido en las leyes castellanas, que era el supletorio en Aragón antes de la publicación del Código civil.
Ubi bene ibi patri: Donde se está bien, allí está la patria. Se aplica al hombre indiferente y egoísta, para quien el propio bienestar est por encima de todos los sentimientos, e incluso el de la patria.
Ubicumque sit res, pro domino suo clamat: Dondequiera que se halle o se encuentre una cosa, clama por su dueño. Aforismo jurídico procedente del Derecho romano, que es principio invocado siempre para la reivindicación.
Ubi eadem est ratio, eadem est o debet esse juris dispositio: Principio del Derecho cuyo significado es que: donde hay la misma razón, debe ser la misma la disposición del Derecho. Es la expresión del método de aplicación analógica, fundado en que los casos iguales deben ser tratados igualmente. Tiene, sin duda, sus antecedentes en las leyes 12 y 13, título 3ro, libro 1ro., y en la ley 32, título 2do. libro 9no del Digesto, en cuyos comentarios y glosas aparece desde antiguo formulado. Tal principio inspira la regla 36, título 3ro., Partida 7ma.: "Aun dixeron, dice dicha Regla del Código del Rey Sabio, que no se deben fazer las leyes, sinon sobre las cosas que suelen acaescer a menudo. E por ende non ovieron los antiguos cuydados de las fazer sobre las cosas que vinieron pocas veces; porque tuvieron que se podría judgar por otro caso de ley semejante, que se fallese escrito". El mismo principio ha inspirado algunas sentencias del Tribunal Supremo, en algunos lugares.
Ubi lex non distinguit, nec nos distinguere debemus: Donde la ley no distingue, nosotros no debemos distinguir. Esta regla de interpretación, continuamente empleada por los Tribunales de Justicia es fundamental en la explicación y sentido de las leyes, y debe observarse rigurosamente, pues constituye, como dice Salvador Viada y Vilaseca (1843-1904), una verdadera arbitrariedad el establecer excepciones cuando la ley habla en términos generales. Las leyes deben ser entendidas o interpretadas derechamente, consignaba la ley 13, de la manera más sana y provechosa, sin extraviar el sentido natural de sus palabras, porque "el saber de las leyes non es tan solamente aprender e decorar las letras dellas, mas el verdadero entendimiento dellas". Sin embargo, no todos los autores reconocen la importancia y trascendencia que supone esta regla jurídica de interpretación, y así Felipe Sánchez Román (1852-1916), en su obra Estudios de Derecho Civil, al citar, como ejemplo, algunas de las reglas de interpretación de uso más frecuente, entre las cuales se encuentra la que analizamos, dice al efecto: "Las especulaciones de los comentaristas y el uso de las escuelas de Derecho han consagrado una serie de reglas, que, si bien revelan ingenio y ofrecen recursos para los...
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