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Responsabilidad del Estado por hechos internacionalmente ilícitos
Author | James Crawford |
Profession | Universidad de Cambridge |
RESPONSABILIDAD DEL ESTADO POR HECHOS INTERNACIONALMENTE ILÍCITOS
1) En los presentes artículos se formulan, por vía de codificación y desarrollo progresivo, las normas básicas de derecho internacional relativas a la responsabilidad de los Estados por sus hechos internacionalmente ilícitos. El análisis insiste sobre todo en las normas secundarias de la responsabilidad del Estado: es decir, en las condiciones generales que han de satisfacerse, en derecho internacional, para que el Estado sea considerado responsable de acciones u omisiones ilícitas, y en las consecuencias jurídicas que nacen de esas acciones u omisiones. No se intenta definir en ellos el contenido de la violación de obligaciones internacionales que da lugar a la responsabilidad. Ésta es la función de las normas primarias, cuya codificación entrañaría la reformulación de la mayor parte del derecho internacional sustantivo, tanto consuetudinario como convencional.
2) Roberto Ago, que se encargó de fijar la estructura y la orientación básicas del proyecto, consideraba que los artículos debían determinar:
“los principios que rigen la responsabilidad de los Estados por hechos ilícitos internacionales y en mantener una rigurosa distinción entre esa labor y la de definir las normas que imponen a los Estados obligaciones cuya violación puede entrañar responsabilidad… [U]na cosa es definir una norma y el contenido de la obligación por ella impuesta y otra muy distinta determinar si se ha infringido esa obligación y cuáles deben ser las consecuencias de tal infracción.”33
3) Considerada la existencia de una norma primaria que impone a un Estado una obligación en derecho internacional y suponiendo que se trate de saber si ese Estado ha cumplido la obligación, se plantean varias otras cuestiones de carácter general. Entre ellas figuran:
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La función del derecho internacional, en cuanto ordenamiento distinto del derecho interno del Estado interesado, en la calificación del comportamiento como ilícito;
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La determinación de las circunstancias en que el comportamiento debe atribuirse al Estado como sujeto de derecho internacional;
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La determinación del momento en que se produce o se ha producido una violación de la obligación internacional por un Estado y del tiempo durante el cual se produce o se ha producido;
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La determinación de las circunstancias en que un Estado puede ser responsable del comportamiento de otro Estado incompatible con una obligación internacional de este último;
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Request your trial- Los artículos de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional sobre la responsabilidad internacional del Estado
- Summary
- Abreviaturas
- Prefacio
- Nota sobre las fuentes y el estilo
- Introducción
- Resolución aprobada por la Asamblea General
- Responsabilidad del Estado por hechos internacionalmente ilícitos
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