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- Sucesión en Materia de Bienes, Archivos y Deudas de la Antigua URSS
Conclusiones
Author | Tatsiana Ushakova |
Profession | Profesora Colaboradora de Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad de Alcalá |
Pages | 161-164 |
Page 161
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A pesar de todas las dudas y críticas que rodean el término, “la sucesión de Estados” –definida como “la sustitución de un Estado por otro en la responsabilidad de las relaciones internacionales de un territorio”– sigue siendo válida y generalmente aceptada en la teoría y en la práctica internacional. Ahora bien, a partir de esta afirmación, nadie se atrevería a insistir en una interpretación más detallada del concepto de sucesión de Estados, sin provocar severas objeciones, aun apoyándose en las construcciones teóricas de autoridades de reconocido prestigio del Derecho internacional y en los precedentes. Por lo tanto, la visión que se resume en las siguientes líneas tampoco está exenta de contradicciones difíciles de evitar en la materia que se trata.
Ante todo, es necesario subrayar la dualidad del concepto de sucesión de Estados: con este término, se describen tanto las transformaciones territoriales como, utilizando la expresión convencional, sus “efectos jurídicos”. En este sentido, no pueden compartirse dos premisas conceptuales ampliamente defendidas en la teoría y en el proceso de codificación. Por un lado, en relación con las transformaciones territoriales, no puede sostenerse que son un mero hecho. El Derecho internacional contemporáneo no se muestra indiferente ante esos sucesos, sino que valora su legalidad de acuerdo con los principios generales y, también, califica su pertenencia, utilizando de nuevo la terminología convencional, a una u otra “categoría” de sucesión. Por otro lado, a la luz de la práctica contemporánea de la sucesión, y en particular del caso de disolución de la Unión Soviética, no puede ni debe mantenerse la tesis convencional de no prejuzgar la transmisión de los derechos y obligaciones, como consecuencia de la transformación territorial. Es bien sabido que tal precaución venía a proteger a los países surgidos en el proceso de descolonización, respaldando, a menudo, la ruptura con la herencia de la metrópoli, por razones políticas, pero en detrimento de sus intereses económicos. Actualmente, la sucesión en los derechos y obligaciones representa un acto positivo, que garantiza la estabilidad de las relaciones internacionales y la seguridad jurídica. De este modo, la transferencia de los derechos y obligaciones, aun sin poseer un carácter absoluto, tiene que conside-Page 162rarse como un elemento integrante del concepto sucesorio. El análisis de la práctica de la URSS demuestra el carácter...
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Request your trial- La sucesión de Estados en materia de bienes, archivos y deudas. El caso de la URSS
- Sucesión en materia de bienes, archivos y deudas de la antigua URSS
- Etapas del proceso de sucesión en el territorio de la antigua URSS
- Sucesión de Estados en materia de bienes: regulación de la Convención de 1983 y práctica en el territorio de la antigua URSS
- Sucesión de Estados en materia de archivos: regulación de la Convención de 1983 y práctica en el territorio de la antigua URSS
- Sucesión de Estados en materia de deudas: regulación de la convención de 1983 y práctica en el territorio de la antigua URSS
- Conclusiones
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