Aid to liberation movements in South Africa urged.

• Position: United Nations General Assembly urges cooperation in struggle against Apartheid

The General Assembly has declared that the United Nations and the international community have a "special responsibility: towards the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movements in their struggle against apartheid and to establish a non-racial democratic society.

In an amnibus resolution on the situation in South Africa, the Assembly called on all States and organizations to provide the necessary "moral, political and material assistance" to those liberation movements recognized by the Ojrganization of African Unity (OAU) "at this crucial stage of their struggle for liberation".

The Assembly on 5 December approved a total of 11 texts under its item on "policies of apartheid of South Africa". A twelfth resolution on the subject, declaring invalid the results of the recent South African all-white referendum on Constitutional proposals, including establishment of a three-house Parliament divided along racial lines, had been approved on 15 November at the beginning of the Assembly's debate on the item.

The drafts approved in December called for an end to collaboration with the South African regime, including assistance provided by certain Western Powers, particularly by th United States and Israel. The Assembly also called for actiion to impose sanctions against South Africa, including an oil embargo, cessation of nuclear co-operation and an end to all foreign investment in that country. Acts of aggression by South Africa against neighbouring African States were condemned.

By the omnibus text, 38/39 A, approved by a vote of 124 in favour to 16 against, with 10 abstentions, the Assembly again urged the Security Council to impose "comprehensive and mandatory" sanctions against South Africa, and urgently called on the International Monetary Fund to terminate credits or other aid to it. It also recognized the right of the oppressed people of South Africa and their liberation movements "to resort to all means at their disposal, including armed struggle" in their resistance. It demanded release of persons detained for their opposition to apartheid; return of political exiles; lifting of bans on political and other organizations and media opposed to apartheid; and termination of all political trials and repressive measures against apartheid opponents.

Those voting against were: Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Portugal, United Kingdom and United States.

Those abstaining were: Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Guatemala, Ireland, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Spain and Sweden.

In a second resolution, 38/39 C, adopted by 146 votes in favour to 2 against (Paraguay, United States), with 4 abstentions (Federal Republic of Germany, Guatemala, Malawi, United Kingdom), the Assembly condemned South African aggression against Angola, Lesotho and Mozambique and threats against independent African States in southern Africa, adn demanded that all its troops "be immediately and unconditionally withdrawn" from Angola. Acts of "destabilization" and an economic blockade against Lesotho were strongly condemned.

The international community was called on to provide assistance to independent African States in the subregion to enable them to defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity "and to counter the hostile South African acts of aggression and to rebuild their economies". The Security Council was asked to consider, as a matter of urgency, "the means to ensure peace in southern Africa"

Under resolution 38/39D, adopted by a vote of 122 in favour to 10 against, with 18 abstentions, the Assembly asked the Security Council to consider action under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter towards comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa. states were asked to take action against corporations and interests that violated the mandatory arms embargo against South Afirca.

The Assembly, in resolution 38/39 I, adopted by 140 in favour to one against (United States), with 9 abstentions (Botswana, Canada, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Ivory Oast, Lesotho, Malawi, United Kingdom), again urged the Security Council to consider at an early date the matter of the cessation of all new foreign investments in, and financial loans to South Africa, with a view to taking effective steps to achieve that end.

By a fifth text, 38/39 J, adopted by a vote of 130 in favour to 6 against (Belgium, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Luxembourgh, United Kingdom, United States), with 14 abstentions, the Assembly reaffirmed its recommendation to the Security Council to consider urgently a mandatory embargo on the supply of petroleum and petroleum products to South Africa, under Charter Chapter VII.

It also renewed its authorization to the Secretary-General to organize an International Conference on an oil Mebargo against South Africa to consider national and international arrangements to ensure the implementation of such embargoes or policies. States concerned were also asked to take effective action against corporations and tanker companies involved in the illicit supply of oil to South Africa.

Two resolutions were adopted referring to relations of specific countries with South Africa.

In resolutions were adopted referring to relations of specific countries with South Africa.

In resolution 38/39 G, adopted by a vote of 122 in favour to 9 against (Australia, Canada, France, Federal Republic of Germany, iTaly, Paraguay, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States), with 17 abstentions, the Assembly strongly condemned the actions of certain Western States and Israel, which provided South Africa with an "enormous arsenal of military equipment and technology", as well as with nuclear assistance. It condemned the recent United States decision approving the request from seven corporations to provide technological and maintenance service to South African nuclear installations.

It also urged the Security Council to...